Predictive Value of Biochemical and Hematological Markers in Prognosis of Asphyxic Infants

Background: Asphyxia is one of the main causes of infant mortality and long-term neurologic complications. This cohort study was aimed to compare the diagnostic value of the hematologic and biochemical factors in prediction of prognosis of asphyxia according to the high prevalence of asphyxia and its complications. Methods: In this cohort with two-year follow up study with availability sampling 196 term asphyxic infants were involved during 2009 to 2018. A researcher designed questionnaire was used as the data collection tool containing infantile and maternal particulars as well as the clinical and laboratory assessments. Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB), heat shock protein (HSP) and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) were checked in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Denver II developmental screening test (DDST-II) was performed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 month post-discharge follow-up visits. Data analysis for comparison of infants with normal and abnormal outcomes was performed using student T test, Chi-square, ROC curve, and regression models. Results: IL-6, IL-1β, PAB, and NRBC count are among the most important predictors of abnormal complications in asphyxic newborns. PAB>22 (HK) showed sensitivity and specificity of 88.6% and 71.6%, respectively in prediction of complications of asphyxia. The sensitivity and specificity of an IL-6 higher than 28 (pg/mL) in prediction of complications of asphyxia was found to be 96.1% and 78.6%, respectively. Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were associated with increased unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: Combinations of: IL-1β + IL-6 + NRBC; IL-6 + HIE grade + PAB; and IL-6 + HIE grade + NRBC had the highest predictive value (100%) for prognosis of asphyxic infants.